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Developing advanced energy devices with long-term operation characteristics has attracted much atten-tion in energy storage and conversion. It proposes new demands for electrode and catalyst materials with structural controllabili...
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Developing advanced energy devices with long-term operation characteristics has attracted much atten-tion in energy storage and conversion. It proposes new demands for electrode and catalyst materials with structural controllability, electrochemical stability, and intrinsic conductivity. Fortunately, metal sele-nides can meet these requirements, which are the rising star of emerging candidates for energy devices nowadays. This article provides a comprehensive and critical review on the recent state-of-the-art pro-gress of metal selenides for energy storage and conversion. The difference and necessity of each metal selenide are emphasized. The crystal and electronic structures and synthesis and modification methods of metal selenides are summarized to reveal their correlation with the performance of energy storage and conversion devices. The challenges and outlook of metal selenides in energy storage and conversion are also discussed. This review is expected to give us a deep understanding of the structure, methodology, and application of metal selenides in energy storage and conversion, which will certainly facilitate the research on this issue in the near future.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Chinese biochemical engineering is committed to supporting the chemical and food industries, to advance science and technology frontiers, and to meet major demands of Chinese society and national economic development. This paper r...
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Chinese biochemical engineering is committed to supporting the chemical and food industries, to advance science and technology frontiers, and to meet major demands of Chinese society and national economic development. This paper reviews the development of biochemical engineering, strategic deployment of these technologies by the government, industrial demand, research progress, and breakthroughs in key technologies in China. Furthermore, the outlook for future developments in biochemical engineering in China is also discussed.
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Soft robotics inspired by the movement of living organisms, with excellent adaptability and accuracy for accomplishing tasks, are highly desirable for efficient operations and safe interactions with human. With the emerging wearab...
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Soft robotics inspired by the movement of living organisms, with excellent adaptability and accuracy for accomplishing tasks, are highly desirable for efficient operations and safe interactions with human. With the emerging wearable electronics, higher tactility and skin affinity are pursued for safe and user-friendly human-robot interactions. Fabrics interlocked by fibers perform traditional static functions such as warming, protection, and fashion. Recently, dynamic fibers and fabrics are favorable to deliver active stimulus responses such as sensing and actuating abilities for soft-robots and wearables. First, the responsive mechanisms of fiber/fabric actuators and their performances under various external stimuli are reviewed. Fiber/yarn-based artificial muscles for soft-robots manipulation and assistance in human motion are discussed, as well as smart clothes for improving human perception. Second, the geometric designs, fabrications, mechanisms, and functions of fibers/fabrics for sensing and energy harvesting from the human body and environments are summarized. Effective integration between the electronic components with garments, human skin, and living organisms is illustrated, presenting multifunctional platforms with self-powered potential for human-robot interactions and biomedicine. Lastly, the relationships between robotic/wearable fibers/fabrics and the external stimuli, together with the challenges and possible routes for revolutionizing the robotic fibers/fabrics and wearables in this new era are proposed.
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The helicopter time-domain electromagnetic (HTEM) method is a method that uses geophysical exploration technology and a helicopter platform to carry electromagnetic detection equipment. HTEM has developed rapidly, in both theoreti...
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The helicopter time-domain electromagnetic (HTEM) method is a method that uses geophysical exploration technology and a helicopter platform to carry electromagnetic detection equipment. HTEM has developed rapidly, in both theoretical and technological terms, in recent years because of its high efficiency, ability to drape steep and variable terrain, large detection depth, and high resolution. This work briefly introduces the HTEM technology principle and forward and inversion theory, summarizes the main performance parameters of international representative HTEM systems, and analyzes the performance and structural characteristics of VTEM, SkyTEM and HeliTEM systems. To provide a technical reference for scholars engaged in HTEM instrument technology, we analyze the factors affecting the detection capability of HTEM systems and the main difficulties in system design. Taking China's HTEM systems as the object of analysis, we introduce the key technologies behind the systems in detail, including high-power transmitting, receiving sensor design, and motion-noise-suppression technologies. This work also discusses the development trend of HTEM and the existing technical problems, including detection depth, measurement accuracy, and noise refinement classification, providing ideas for the further development of HTEM technology in the future.
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Treatments developed in small-animal models of stroke are often not translatable to the clinic. In this protocol, a blood clot in a microcatheter is introduced into the middle cerebral artery of rhesus monkeys; controlled thrombol...
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Treatments developed in small-animal models of stroke are often not translatable to the clinic. In this protocol, a blood clot in a microcatheter is introduced into the middle cerebral artery of rhesus monkeys; controlled thrombolysis is possible. Over decades of research into the treatment of stroke, nearly all attempts to translate experimental treatments from discovery in cells and rodents to use in humans have failed. The prevailing belief is that it might be necessary to pretest pharmacological neuroprotection in higher-order brains, especially those of nonhuman primates (NHPs). Over the past few years, chemical thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have been established as the standard of care for ischemic stroke in patients. The spotlight is now shifting towards emphasizing both focal ischemia and subsequent reperfusion in developing a clinically relevant stroke model in NHPs. This protocol describes an embolic model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rhesus monkeys. An autologous clot is combined with a microcatheter or microwire through endovascular procedures, and reperfusion is achieved through local intra-artery thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator. These NHP models formed relatively stable infarct sizes, delivered predictable reperfusion and survival outcomes, and recapitulated key characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke as observed on MRI images and behavioral assays. Importantly, treated animals could survive 30 d after the surgery for post-stroke neurologic deficit analyses. Thus far, this model has been used in several translational studies. Here we describe in detail the teamwork necessary for developing stroke models of NHPs, including the preoperation preparations, endovascular surgery, postoperation management and histopathological analysis. The model can be established by the following procedures over a 45-d period, including preparation steps (14 d), endovascular operation (1 d) and evaluation steps (30 d).
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Osteosarcoma is a type of aggressive malignant bone tumour that frequently metastasizes to lungs, resulting in poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of lung metastasis of osteosarcoma remain poorly understood. Here we ...
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Osteosarcoma is a type of aggressive malignant bone tumour that frequently metastasizes to lungs, resulting in poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of lung metastasis of osteosarcoma remain poorly understood. Here we identify exon-intron fusion genes in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues. These fusion genes are derived from chromosomal translocations that juxtapose the coding region for amino acids 1-38 of Rab22a (Rab22a(1-38)) with multiple inverted introns and untranslated regions of chromosome 20. The resulting translation products, designated Rab22a-NeoFs, acquire the ability to drive lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. The Rab22a(1-38) moiety governs the function of Rab22a-NeoFs by binding to SmgGDS-607, a GTP-GDP exchange factor of RhoA. This association facilitates the release of GTP-bound RhoA from SmgGDS-607, which induces increased activity of RhoA and promotes metastasis. Disrupting the interaction between Rab22a-NeoF1 and SmgGDS-607 with a synthetic peptide prevents lung metastasis in an orthotopic model of osteosarcoma. Our findings may provide a promising strategy for a subset of osteosarcoma patients with lung metastases.
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Liver cancer has the second highest worldwide cancer mortality rate and has limited therapeutic options. We analyzed 363 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases by whole-exome sequencing and DNA copy number analyses, and we analyzed ...
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Liver cancer has the second highest worldwide cancer mortality rate and has limited therapeutic options. We analyzed 363 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases by whole-exome sequencing and DNA copy number analyses, and we analyzed 196 HCC cases by DNA methylation, RNA, miRNA, and proteomic expression also. DNA sequencing and mutation analysis identified significantly mutated genes, including LZTR1, EEF1A1, SF3B1, and SMARCA4. Significant alterations by mutation or downregulation by hypermethylation in genes likely to result in HCC metabolic reprogramming (ALB, APOB, and CPS1) were observed. Integrative molecular HCC subtyping incorporating unsupervised clustering of five data platforms identified three subtypes, one of which was associated with poorer prognosis in three HCC cohorts. Integrated analyses enabled development of a p53 target gene expression signature correlating with poor survival. Potential therapeutic targets for which inhibitors exist include WNT signaling, MDM4, MET, VEGFA, MCL1, IDH1, TERT, and immune checkpoint proteins CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1.
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It is the overriding trend of the present-day world that traditional systems and mobile devices are currently transforming into intelligent systems and smart devices. Against this backdrop, cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and Intern...
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It is the overriding trend of the present-day world that traditional systems and mobile devices are currently transforming into intelligent systems and smart devices. Against this backdrop, cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) emerge as the times require. To achieve the parallel interactions between the human world and the computer network, IoT along with wireless mobile communication and computing open up some future opportunities as well as challenges for constructing a novel cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) that takes human factors into account during the system operation and management. In this article, a brief comprehensive survey is provided on some of the current research work that contributes to enabling CPSSs. Some crucial aspects of CPSSs are identified, including: the development from CPSs to CPSSs, architecture design, applications, standards, real-world case studies, enabling techniques and networks for CPSSs. To lay a foundation for the development of the upcoming smart world, we further propose a virtualization architecture and an integrated framework of caching, computing and networking for CPSSs. Simulations verify the performance improvement of the proposals. At last, some research issues with challenges and possible solutions are unearthed for researchers in the related research areas.
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In this paper, we propose a new type of queries to retrieve the top-k most influential locations from a candidate set given sets of customers and existing facilities . The influence models the popularity of a facility. Such querie...
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In this paper, we propose a new type of queries to retrieve the top-k most influential locations from a candidate set given sets of customers and existing facilities . The influence models the popularity of a facility. Such queries have wide applications in decision support systems. A naive solution sequentially scans (SS) all data sets, which is expensive, and hence, we investigate two branch-and-bound algorithms for the query, namely Estimate Expanding Pruning (EEP) and Bounding Influence Pruning (BIP). Both algorithms follow the best first traverse. On determining the traversal order, while EEP leverages distance metrics between nodes, BIP relies on half plane pruning which avoids the repetitive estimations in EEP. As our experiments shown, BIP is much faster than SS which outperforms EEP, while the worst-case complexity of EEP and BIP is worse than that of SS. To improve the efficiency, we further propose a Nearest Facility Circle Join (NFCJ) algorithm. NFCJ builds an influence R-tree on the influence relationship between customers and existing facilities and joins the candidate R-tree with the influence R-tree to obtain the results. We compare all algorithms and conclude that NFCJ is the best solution, which outperforms SS, EEP, and BIP by orders of magnitude.
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